东拼西凑，搜集了一堆资料，楼主自己整理一下吧，去其糟粕，取其精华。自己写我是没这个实力的了，毕竟还是很有些专业的东西在里面……
Chinese Literature - Novels and fiction
Hongloumeng 红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber"
Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹 (d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉 and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉. With a loving detail describing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗 that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Qing China 清.
三国演义Romance of The Three Kingdoms
Romance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.
That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".
It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynasty where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known as the "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, due to widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.
三国演义人物介绍
刘备
Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modern day Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.
Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.
张飞
Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.
Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated his superiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by Liu Bei that his habit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.
Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was out gathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empress of Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldest daughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role of matchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her older sister to become the empress of Shu Han.
Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdoms biography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.
Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack the rival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.
水浒传Outlaws of the Marsh
The novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.
One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.
One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.
One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.
At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.
Everyone recognizes that Jin Sheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtained the interest and infatuation of successive generations.
Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...
That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .
Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...
人物
Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thus so-called "Tota kings".
晁盖平 生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。喜欢刺枪使棒，身强力壮，不取妻室，终日打熬筋骨。传说邻村西溪村闹鬼，村人凿了一个青石宝塔镇在溪边，鬼就被赶到了东溪村。晁盖大怒，就去西溪村独自将青石宝塔夺了过来在东溪边放下。因此人称“托塔天王”。
西游记Pilgrimage to the West
Journey to the West is a mythological novel based on many centuries of popular tradition. It was probably put into its present form in the 15708 by Wu Cheng’en (1500-82).
This lively fantasy relates the amazing adventures of the priest San-zang as he travels west in search of Buddhist sutras with his three disciples, the irreverent and capable on-
key, greedy Pig, and Friar Sand. The opening chapters recount the earlier exploits of Monkey, culminating in his rebellion against Heaven. We then learn how Sanzang became a monk and was sent on his pilgrimage by the Tang emperor who had escaped death with the help of an Underworld official.
The main story, the journey, takes the priest through all kinds of entertaining trials and tribulations, mainly at the
hands of monsters and spirits who want to eat him. Only the courage and powers of his disciples, especially Monkey, save him from death. Monkey is the hero of the fantasy, and the reader will soon learn why he has long been so loved in China. Will the pilgrims reach the Vulture Peak and obtain the Scriptures? The answer will only be found at the end of the lOO-chapter novel.
The story is as full of imagination as Monkey is of magic, and packed with incident and down-to-earth humour. The illustrations are from 19th-century Chinese edition. This is the first of the three volumes of the novel.
《谈中国诗》是当代著名学者、诗人、小说家、翻译家钱钟书先生，根据自己于1945年12月6日在上海对美国朋友做的一篇英语演讲稿节译而成，主要讲了三个问题，一是“谈中国诗”必须采取比较文学的立场，即在中外诗歌的比较中，得出“中国诗的一般印象”；二是中国诗的基本特征，从发展来看中国诗早熟而早衰，从篇幅来看中国诗短小精巧，从表现手法来看中国诗富有暗示性，从风格来看中国诗轻灵而斯文；三是中国诗“只是诗”，“并没有特别‘中国’的地方”，中外诗歌相通相容，研究中国诗可以对本国诗有更高的领会。总之， 本文针对特定听众关心的问题，站在“比较文学”的立场，既介绍中国诗歌与外国诗歌的“同中之异”，又阐发中外诗歌的“异中之同”，以增强听众对中国诗歌特点的了解，并促进双方相互尊重和宽容。
20世纪40年代的中国，还是处在文化上的盲目“自尊”，其体现就是许多人都以中国文化为“本位”文化，对外来的文化一概排斥。而许多的外国人也抱着一种所谓“优势文化”的心态，视西洋文化为“本位文化”，轻视中国文化。作者对这两种把中西文化割裂开来的观点，有着清醒的认识，为此，他在学术研究中，致力于确定中国文学艺术在世界文学艺术宫殿中的适当位置，促使中国文学艺术走向世界。他既深刻地阐发了中国文化精神的深厚意蕴和独特价值，也恰切地指出了其历史局限性和地域局限性。他既批评中国人由于某些幻觉而对本土文化的妄自尊大，又毫不留情地横扫了西方人由于无知而以欧美文化为中心的偏见，对于推进中外文化的交流，对于使中国人了解西方的学术，使西方人了解中国的文化，起了很好的作用。本文就是作者从诗学研究的角度，促成中西文化交流的一篇力作。
学习本文，宜采用如下方法：
1．串通文义，理清层次。理解本文首先需要掌握文章结构。此文结构最大的特点在于开篇立论，明确论述的原则，然后逐层展开，分别论述，最后卒章显志，点明演讲的目的。阅读时，要在理清层次的基础上，把握作者的行文思路。
2．抓住特点，多维解读。本文显著的特点是，通篇比较，广引博征，在严谨周密的论述中运用了大量比喻，使文章多姿多彩，幽默睿智。阅读时，要抓住文本特征，从对比手法，引语含意，比喻运用等多角度进行解读，体会语言的深刻含意和幽默风趣。
课文解读
什么是中国诗的一般印象呢？[开篇一个设问句，提出本文探讨的中心课题，即中国诗的一般特征。]发这个问题的人一定是位外国读者，或者是位
《三国演义》英文简介：
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the four famous classical works in China. It is the first long chapter historical novel in China.
Its full name is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (also known as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms).
The author is Luo Guanzhong, a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.
After the completion of the book, many editions such as Jiajing Renwu edition were handed down.
By the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang rectified the review, revised the diction and changed the poems and prose of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes nearly a hundred years of history from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty.
It mainly describes the war. It tells the story of the struggle between the group of heroes in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the political and military struggle between the Wei, Shu and Wu Kingdoms.
Sima Yan eventually unified the three Kingdoms and established the Jin Dynasty.
It reflects the transformation of various social struggles and contradictions in the Three Kingdoms era, summarizes the great changes in the history of this era, and shapes a group of heroes of the Three Kingdoms.
The book can be roughly divided into five parts:
the Yellow Towel Uprising, Dong Zhuo's Rebellion, the struggle for deer, the tripartite confrontation of the Three Kingdoms and the return of the Three Kingdoms to Jin.
On the vast historical stage, there were momentous scenes of war.
The author, Lt. Luo Guanzhong, combines the thirty-six tactics of war into the lines, which includes plots and tactics.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first chapter novel in the history of Chinese literature, the pioneering work of historical novel and the first literati novel.
汉语对照：
《三国演义》是中国古典四大名著之一，是中国第一部长篇章回体历史演义小说，全名为《三国志通俗演义》（又称《三国志演义》），作者是元末明初的著名小说家罗贯中。
《三国志通俗演义》成书后有嘉靖壬午本等多个版本传于世，到了明末清初，毛宗岗对《三国演义》整顿回目、修正文辞、改换诗文。
《三国演义》描写了从东汉末年到西晋初年之间近百年的历史风云，以描写战争为主，诉说了东汉末年的群雄割据混战和魏、蜀、吴三国之间的政治和军事斗争，最终司马炎一统三国，建立晋朝的故事。
反映了三国时代各类社会斗争与矛盾的转化，并概括了这一时代的历史巨变，塑造了一群叱咤风云的三国英雄人物。
全书可大致分为黄巾起义、董卓之乱、群雄逐鹿、三国鼎立、三国归晋五大部分。在广阔的历史舞台上，上演了一幕幕气势磅礴的战争场面。作者罗贯中将兵法三十六计融于字里行间，既有情节，也有兵法韬略。
《三国演义》是中国文学史上第一部章回小说，是历史演义小说的开山之作，也是第一部文人长篇小说。
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