Literature Review（文献综述）简称综述，是对某一领域，某一专业或某一方面的课题，问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料，通过分析，阅读，整理，提炼当前课题，问题或研究专题的最新进展，学术见解或建议，做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文。
总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：摘要、引言、主体和参考文献。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法、结果、动态和进展。
有以下技巧可供写作时参考：
技巧一：瞄准主流。主流文献，如该领域的核心期刊、经典著作、专职部门的研究报告、重要化合物的观点和论述等，是做文献综述的“必修课”。而多数 大众媒体上的相关报道或言论，虽然多少有点价值，但时间精力所限，可以从简。怎样摸清该领域的主流呢？
建议从以下几条途径入手：一是图书馆的中外学术期 刊，找到一两篇“经典”的文章后“顺藤摸瓜”，留意它们的参考文献。质量较高的学术文章，通常是不会忽略该领域的主流、经典文献的。
二是利用学校图书馆的 “期刊数据库检索”，能够查到一些较为早期的经典文献。
三是国家图书馆，有些上世纪七八十年代甚至更早出版的社科图书，学校图书馆往往没有收藏，但是国图 却是一本不少。
技巧二：随时整理，如对文献进行分类，记录文献信息和藏书地点。做论文的时间很长，有的文献看过了当时不一定有用，事后想起来却找不着了，所以有 时记录是很有必要的。同时，对于特别重要的文献，不妨做一个读书笔记，摘录其中的重要观点和论述。这样一步一个脚印，到真正开始写论文时就积累了大量“干 货”，可以随时享用。
技巧三：要按照问题来组织文献综述。看过一些文献以后，我们有很强烈的愿望要把自己看到的东西都陈述出来，像“竹筒倒豆子”一样，洋洋洒洒，蔚为 壮观。仿佛一定要向读者证明自己劳苦功高。我写过十多万字的文献综述，后来发觉真正有意义的不过数千字。
扩展资料：
文献综述是在确定了选题后，在对选题所涉及的研究领域的文献进行广泛阅读和理解的基础上，对该研究领域的研究现状（包括主要学术观点、前人研究成果和研究水平、争论焦点、存在的问题及可能的原因等）、新水平、新动态、新技术和新发现、发展前景等内容进行综合分析、归纳整理和评论，并提出自己的见解和研究思路而写成的一种不同于毕业论文的文体。它要求作者既要对所查阅资料的主要观点进行综合整理、陈述，还要根据自己的理解和认识，对综合整理后的文献进行比较专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的论述和相应的评价，而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌”。
文献综述是研究者在其提前阅读过某一主题的文献后，经过理解、整理、融会贯通，综合分析和评价而组成的一种不同于研究论文的文体。
检索和阅读文献是撰写综述的重要前提工作。一篇综述的质量如何，很大程度上取决于作者对本题相关的最新文献的掌握程度。如果没有做好文献检索和阅读工作，就去撰写综述，是绝不会写出高水平的综述的。
好的文献综述，不但可以为下一步的学位论文写作奠定一个坚实的理论基础和提供某种延伸的契机，而且能表明写本综述的作者对既有研究文献的归纳分析和梳理整合的综合能力，从而有助于提高对学位论文水平的总体评价。
在《怎样做文献综述——六步走向成功》中，劳伦斯·马奇和布伦达·麦克伊沃提出了文献综述的六步模型，将文献综述的过程分为六步：选择主题、文献搜索、展开论证、文献研究、文献批评和综述撰写。
文献综述根据研究的目的不同，可分为基本文献综述和高级文献综述两种。基本文献综述是对有关研究课题的现有知识进行总结和评价，以陈述现有知识的状况；高级文献综述则是在选择研究兴趣和主题之后，对相关文献进行回顾，确立研究论题，再提出进一步的研究，从而建立一个研究项目。
参考资料：百度百科-文献综述
下面是我为大家整理的一些关于“英文文献综述的 范文 ”的资料，供大家参阅。
英文文献综述范文
How to Write a Literature Review ?
I. The definition of Literature Review
文献综述(Literautre Review)是科研 论文 中重要的文体之一。它以作者对各种文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础，就某个专题的 历史 背景、前人的工作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。通过阅读文献综述，科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信息，了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。
II. The purposes of literature review And Its Components
A. The Purposes
On the one hand, it helps you broaden the view and perspective of the topic for your graduation thesis.
On the other hand, it helps you narrow down the topic and arrive at a focused
research question.
B. Its Components
There are six parts in a complete Literature Review.
标题与作者(title and author)
摘要与关键词(abstract and key words)
引言(introduction)
述评(review)
结论(conclusion)
参考文献(references)
III. Classification of Source Materials
How can we locate the materials relevant to our topics better and faster? Basically, all these source materials may be classified into four majors of sources.
A: Background sources:
Basic information which can usually be found in dictionaries and
encyclopedia complied by major scholars or founders of the field. Three very good and commonly recommenced encyclopedias are encyclopedias ABC, namely, Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Collier’s Encyclopedia. There are also reference works more specialized, such as The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics for linguistics and TEFL studies. Moreover, you may also find Encyclopedia on the web.
B: Primary sources
Those providing direct evidence, such as works of scholars of the field,
biographies or autobiographies, memoirs, speeches, lectures, diaries, collection of letters, interviews, case studies, approaches, etc. Primary sources come in various shapes and sizes, and often you have to do a little bit of research about the source to make sure you have correctly identified it. When a first search yields too few results, try searching by broader topic; when a search yields too
many results, refine your search by narrowing down your search.
C: Secondary sources
Those providing indirect evidence, such as research articles or papers, book
reviews, assays, journal articles by experts in a given field, studies on authors or
writers and their works, etc. Secondary sources will inform most of your writing
in college. You will often be asked to research your topic using primary sources,
but secondary sources will tell you which primary sources you should use and
will help you interpret those primary sources. To use theme well, however, you
need to think critically them. There are two parts of a source that you need to
analyze: the text itself and the argument within the text.
D: Web sources
The sources or information from websites. Web serves as an excellent
resource for your materials. However, you need to select and evaluate Web
sources with special care for very often Web sources lack quality control. You
may start with search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, Ask, Excite, etc. It’s a
good idea to try more than one search engine, since each locates sources in its
own way. When using websites for information, be sure to take care for the
authorship and sponsorship. If they are both unclear, be critical when you use
information. The currency of website information should also be taken into
account. Don’t use too out information dated for your purpose.
IV. Major strategies of Selecting Materials for literature review
A. Choosing primary sources rather than secondary sources
If you have two sources, one of them summarizing or explaining a work and
the other the work itself, choose the work itself. Never attempt to write a paper
on a topic without reading the original source.
B. Choosing sources that give a variety of viewpoints on your thesis
Remember that good argument essays take into account counter arguments.
Do not reject a source because it makes an argument against you thesis.
C. Choosing sources that cover the topic in depth
Probably most books on Communicative Language Teaching mention William
Littlewood, but if this your topic, you will find that few sources cover the topic
in depth. Choose those.
D. Choosing sources written by acknowledged experts
If you have a choice between an article written by a freelance journalist on
Task-based Teaching and one written by a recognized expert like David Nunan,
Choose the article by the expert.
E. Choosing the most current sources
If your topic involves a current issue or social problem or development in a
scientific field, it is essential to find the latest possible information. If all the
books on these topics are rather old, you probably need to look for information in
periodicals.
V. Writing a literature Review
A. When you review related literature, the major review focuses should be:
1. The prevailing and current theories which underlie the research problem.
2. The main controversies about the issue, and about the problem.
3. The major findings in the area, by whom and when.
4. The studies which can be considered the better ones, and why.
5. Description of the types of research studies which can provide the basis for the current theories and controversies.
6. Criticism of the work in the area.
B. When you write literature review, the two principles to follow are:
1. Review the sources that are most relevant to your to your thesis.
2. Describe or write your review as clear and objective as you can.
C. Some tips for writing the review:
1. Define key terms or concepts clearly and relevant to your topic.
2. Discuss the least-related references to your question first and the most
related references last.
3. Conclude your review with a brief summary.
4. Start writing your review early.
VI. 文献综述主要部分的细节性提示和 注意事项
英文文献主要部分细节提示：
引言(Introduction)
引言是文献综述正文的开始部分，主要包括两个内容：一是提出问题;二是介绍综述的范围
和内容。提出问题时，作者要给出定义性解释、交代研究背景、简单介绍不同文献的看法和
分歧所在并介绍该文献的写作目的;介绍该综述的范围和主要内容时，作者应使用简明扼要
的语句加以概括。
引言的内容和结构具有以下特点：
(1)综述的引言通常包括定义性解释、研究背景、现存问题或分歧、综述的目的、内容和
范围;
(2)使用一般现在时介绍背景知识，使用现在完成时叙述他人成果，使用一般将来时或一
般现在时简介本文内容;
(3) 句子 结构力求简洁明了，多用简单句，并列成份较为常见;
(4)以第三人称主语为主，间或使用第一人称复数充当主语。
述评(Review)
述评是文献综述的核心所在，是对引言的展开和深入。根据引言所提出的问题和限定的范围，
作者要对大量有关文献进行系统的整理、归纳、对比和分析，在此基础上列出与主题有关的
所有重要学术观点，然后分别加以论述，以便读者获得全面的了解。回顾前人研究，以时间
为序，由远及近。以有叙有议的方式体现述评的功能，叙前人研究，议其结果、探其原因、
究其不足。
分析评论，特别是表达作者自己的观点时，要客观、谨慎，因此多使用模糊性语言和表推测
的语言形式。
综述的结论(Conclusion)
结论不仅是作者对全文的总结，也是作者发表个人 意见 的部分，一般有标题Conclusion 或
Summary，较短的综述如果没有小标题，则往往有As mentioned above，To sum up，To
conclude，Inshort，In all 等 短语 引出结论。结论的内容包括：对述评的归纳、对各种问
题的评论性意见、对未来研究的建议或展望。
二.注意事项
⒈搜集文献应尽量全面。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提，否则，随便搜集一 点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的文献综述，甚至写出的文章根本不成为综述。
⒉注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同，有的 文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异，因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和 科学性较好的文献。
⒊引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析，因此在撰写时应分清 作者的观点和文献的内容，不能篡改文献的内容。
⒋参考文献不能省略。有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略，但文献综述绝对不能省略，而 且应是文中引用过的，能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。
5.文献综述不应是对已有文献的重复、罗列和一般性介绍，而应是对以往研究的优点、不足和贡献的批判性分析与评论。因此，文献综述应包括综合提炼和分析评论双重含义。
6.文献综述要文字简洁，尽量避免大量引用原文，要用自己的语言把作者的观点说清楚，从原始文献中得出一般性结论。
7. 文献综述不是资料库，要紧紧围绕课题研究的“问题”，确保所述的已有研究成果与本课题研究直接相关，其内容是围绕课题紧密组织在一起，既能系统全面地反映研究对象的历史、现状和趋势，又能反映研究内容的各个方面。
8. 文献综述的综述要全面、准确、客观，用于评论的观点、论据最好来自一次文献，尽量避免使用别人对原始文献的解释或综述。
VII. A Sample of Literature Review
A Study of Chinese Vogue Expressions and Translations
Although we can see the obtained achievements in researching on Chinese vogue expressions, papers on the translation of contemporary Chinese vogue expressions are scarce and rare, not to mention the discussion of translation methods and untranslatability of Chinese vogue expressions, which is a great regret in the field of vogue expressions. Few representative papers on Chinese vogue expressions translation are listed as follows: A Study of Shooting Star Language Translation(Wang Jian, Zhou Yongping, 2005:92～94); Cultural Reflection on Vogue Word s Translation (Su Yu, Wang Ting, 2011:50 ～ 51); The optimization of “Zero Translation” in Translating Vogue Words (Shi Rui, 2010:102～105).
Hence, the numbers of researches on contemporary Chinese vogue expressions translation are expected to be increased and the comprehensive and detailed researches on this field are also expected to appear. Since 1990s, scholars have already paid attention to Chinese vogue expressions, but the research at that time is still in the stage of tentative exploration. Some representative papers are: City Buzzwords and Social-Cultural Analysis (Sun Manjun,1996:101～107) discusses the development and changes of buzzwords in the current society facing transformation as well as the relation between buzzwords and background of social culture and psychological changes of urban people; Metaphorically Semantic Generalization of Vogue Expressions (Liu Dawei,1997:35 ～ 38) talks about the semantic generalization of metaphors of vogue expressions; Study on Creativity and Homoplasy of Language from Vogue Expressions (Xia Lihong, 1999:16～18) treats the development process of vogue expressions from the characteristics of creativity
and homoplasy, believing that vogue expressions are originally the “creativity” used in a certain range, and finally surpass the original range of use because of the interaction among people and the homoplasy of aesthetic interests. Due to the characteristics of timeliness, periodicity and randomness, some vogue expressions can not be included in common dictionaries, therefore, language scholars carried out the work of compiling vogue expressions dictionaries, such as Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Vogue Expressions (Xiong Zhongwu, 1992), andBeijing Modern Buzzwords (Zhou Yimin, 1992).
After entering 21st century, increasingly great number of Chinese vogue expressions emerges and penetrates into different aspects of social life; accordingly, related researches on Chinese vogue expressions become comparatively richer. Researching on Chinese vogue expressions has already become the hot topic of linguistic and cultural circles. The Linguistic will contribute to the filed of Chinese vogue expressions and make references forothers who are interested in contemporary Chinese vogue expressions and their Translations.
References
[1] Blackmore S. The Meme Machine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999
[2] Collins COBUILD English-Chinese Learner’s Dictionary. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，2007. 226
[3] Einar, H. The Analysis of linguistic Borrowing. Language, 1950 (26):210～231
[4] Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004.283
[5] Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Beijing:
Merriam-Webster, 2009. 223
[6] New York Times, Jul. 4, 2010
[7] Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functional Approach Explained. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001
[8] Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 268
[9] Romaine, Suzanne. Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994
[10]陈原. 社会语言学. 北京：商务印书馆，2000
[11]陈原. 新词语. 北京： 语文 出版社，2000:1
[12]丁加勇. 论流行语语义的不确定性及其发展前景. 华中 科技 大学学报，
2004，(6)：160～164
[13]郭 熙，中国社会语言学. 南京：南京大学出版社, 1999.151
[14]韩李. 当代汉语流行语探析. 河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，2007,
(3)：181
[15]黄平飞. 浅论流行语——透过央视春晚来看流行语.科教文汇(下旬刊)，
2009,(3):237
[16]姜红. 试论 当代中国 的社会流行语. 安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版)，
2005，(11)：108～112
[17]劲松.流行语新探.语文建设,1999,(3):22～26
[18]李娜. 近十年流行语研究述评. 鞍山师范学院学报，2007-06,9(3)：35～[39]赵丽薇，袁
晓雪. 流行语的运用方式及使用规范探究——以春晚语言类节目
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References
李丽君. 英语 学术论文 及 留学 文书写作[M]. 北京： 清华大学出版社， 2002. 田贵森, 段晓英.英语专业 毕业 论文写作 教程[M]. 北京： 北京理工大学出版社.
2006.
刘振聪. 英语学术论文写作[M]. 北京： 中国人民大学出版社. 2009
literature review
英[ˈlitəritʃə riˈvju:]美[ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr rɪˈvju]
词典
文献评论
网络
文献检索; 综述; 文献研究
1
Early Mental Crisis Intervention to Post-disaster in Wen Chuan Earthquake: Literature Review and Evaluation
汶川震后心理危机的早期干预：文献综述与评价
2
A literature review of any of the frameworks or issues discussed in the course.
根据课堂中讨论过的任一理论框架及课题所做的文字评论；
3
By means of literature review and logical analysis, the current research status of P.
采用文献法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，对体育课程资源的研究现状进行综述和讨论。
literature
review
重点在于大量阅读，而且要讲你所阅读过的所有作者的观点在文中加以汇总和总结。文章可以参考如下的结构：
1.intro--开头陈述你这篇文章所要研究的课题与目的；
2.body--分3～4段：多数人的观点；某些少数具有争议的观点；你自己的观点和总结。
3.conclusion--结尾总结。
我们是这样要求的，不过每个学校的要求会不一样，但是我想老师应该会发资料做讲解啊，这个不是很难的，我写过2次了～～主要是大量查阅资料，总结别人的观点，特别是做reference，我觉得就是抄嘛，直接引用间接引用，用着用着一篇文章就对付完了～～呵呵，我都是这么混过来的。。。
你也加油！！！
Literature Review写法：看了文献中作者相关理论之后，总结作者的观点在提出自己的看法，要求举例支撑观点的要举例 。具体写法可以参照以下格式
To better understand the characters of transformational and transactional leadership. Levinthal March (2001) illustrates the fact that transactional and transformational leadership is intrinsically a collaboration and decision making orientation which emphasizes the development and empowerment of expertise ,the understanding of reform together with encouraging employees to carry out reforms. Bass Avolio (2001) examines that leader set up objectives and orientations as well as spurring employees by clarifying roles and work requirements. They also present transactional leaders' charisma or idealized influence, inspirational motivation, stimulation and individualized consideration, which traits could get employees to exert them to working to the largest extent in order to achieve group goals. Schriesheim (2002) shows how each reward system is made use of in an organization so as to achieve leaders' vision. Pillai, et al (2003) expound that transactional and transformational leadership is based on the notion that leaders give employees rewards or punishments according to their performance in the course of transaction. Boisot (2003) points out, under transactional and transformational leadership, that leaders can create with employees a professional atmosphere and attitude. Through the development of the profession, decision sharing, and the promotion of self-value, they can co-create an environment where respect, acceptance, kindness, support for growth and learning are appreciated.
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